Insects and rodents can spread the virus from infected animals to healthy animals.
Treat your rabbits regularly for fleas and ensure the conditions of their living environment minimises insects:
If you have cats, treat them for fleas too as the rabbit flea can live for up to 3 days on the ears of a cat.
Regularly clean and decontaminate materials in contact with your rabbits.
Calicivirus can survive in the environment for an extended period and can spread on contaminated objects like bedding, hay, food, bowls, water dispensers, clothing, cages and other equipment.
Regularly decontaminate equipment with a 10% bleach or 10% sodium hydroxide solution (e.g. 100 mL bleach and 900 mL water, as recommended by the RSPCA).
Store hay in a vermin-proof environment for 12 months before using it as bedding. Hay sheds harbour mice, rats, cats and rabbits, so any hay sourced for bedding could be potentially contaminated.
Consider your hand and shoe hygiene before entering your rabbit’s enclosure. Remember that humans are vectors too! We can unknowingly spread the virus on our clothes, shoes and hands, especially if we have been in an area with wild rabbits (or other domestic rabbits).
Avoid
Limit contact with other domestic rabbits
Calicivirus spreads readily between infected and non-infected rabbits through droppings, urine, secretions from the eyes and nose, or during mating. Avoid contact with rabbits from other premises, particularly if you can't guarantee that they are healthy, virus-free and don't have fleas.
Quarantine new animals
Because the animals are new to you, you don’t know their exposure risk or health status. Quarantine new animals in a separate enclosure for 10 days before allowing them to be in contact with your stock.
Avoid exposure to wild rabbits
Wild rabbits are likely carriers of calicivirus, so try to prevent wild rabbits from entering your property, or areas where domestic rabbits are housed.
Use rabbit-proof fencing, and/or control measures such as baiting, warren destruction or removing vegetation that might harbour wild rabbit populations (see Control Techniques for more information).
Treat (vaccinations)
Calicivirus (RHDV)
There are different strains of calicivirus that have the potential to impact domestic rabbits.
The Cylap® vaccine is widely available to protect your rabbits from the existing RHDV1-K5 virus that is released annually.
The Filavac VHD K C+V vaccine has been approved under an emergency permit by the Australian Pesticides and Veterinary Medicines Authority to protect pet rabbits from RHDV1 and RHDV2 strains.
Currently RHDV2 is the dominant RHDV strain impacting rabbits although there is no government release program for RHDV2 in Tasmania or on Mainland Australia.
Myxomatosis
Myxomatosis occurs in Australia, however a vaccine is not available or allowed to be used in Australia because of the risk of the vaccinate strain entering the wild rabbit population and stimulating immunity.
For more information on how to vaccinate your rabbits against RHDV viruses, contact your local veterinarian or the Australian Veterinary Association (AVA).
Further information